Scientific studies
Peer-reviewed papers on wood vinegar (pyroligneous acid), biochar and wood tar, laboratory and soil studies with V-Pyro products, and the R&D project we run in a university–industry collaboration.
What is on this list?
This page lists studies with V-Pyro products (MEİTAM's Salmonella laboratory results and our R&D team's ABANT 2026 conference abstract), peer-reviewed journal papers on the use of wood vinegar in agriculture and on how wood tar is made and traditionally used in livestock farming, and our R&D project accepted under the TÜBİTAK 1505 programme. Each card gives the citation, a short summary and a link to the original publication or PDF.
The summaries were written by V-Pyro in our own words; read the original publication for methods and detailed results. The journal papers are by independent researchers and are not tests of V-Pyro products; studies of traditional uses are historical records, not product recommendations. Values in laboratory results belong to the test conditions and are not field application rates. Accredited laboratory results for our products are on the Tests / Licences / TSE page.
Our studies, peer-reviewed papers and our R&D project.
- 2026Report
V-PYRO Odun Sirkelerinin Salmonella Üremesi Üzerindeki Etkisi (opens in a new tab)
At the MEİTAM laboratory, wood vinegar (pyroligneous acid) samples made from olive pits and pomegranate peel were tested against Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 13076) and Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028). Both wood vinegars inhibited the growth of both strains under laboratory conditions: the olive-pit wood vinegar at 125 µg/mL and the pomegranate-peel wood vinegar at 62.5 µg/mL; the reference antibiotic ampicillin was effective at 0.97 µg/mL. The values are laboratory dilutions, not field application rates.
Related productsReport (PDF, in Turkish)
- 2026Peer-reviewed
V-PYRO Pirolinyöz Asit ve V-PYRO Biochar Uygulamasının Toprak Analizi Parametreleri Üzerine Kısa Dönemli Etkisi (opens in a new tab)
The study compared the analysis results of a raw soil sample with those of a soil sample from the same area treated for 15 days with V-PYRO pyroligneous acid and V-PYRO biochar. After treatment, organic matter rose from 1.02 to 1.96, nitrogen from 0.06 to 0.10, phosphorus from 15.34 to 26.88 and potassium from 99.04 to 105.30; pH rose from 7.93 to 8.20. The authors note that the findings should be backed by controlled, repeated field trials on different soil types.
Related productsAbstract (PDF, in Turkish)
- 2014Peer-reviewed
Odun Sirkesinin Tarımsal Kullanım Potansiyelinin Araştırılması (opens in a new tab)
Researchers from Ankara University and two ministry research institutes tested wood vinegar in two ways: as a soil conditioner in a wheat greenhouse trial, and in the laboratory as a biocide against Cercospora beticola, the cause of leaf spot in sugar beet. Wheat growth and soil nitrogen rose most when seed coated with wood vinegar was combined with a foliar application. In the laboratory every rate except 0.5% stopped the fungus completely; the authors recommend testing wood vinegar as a biocide on living plants next. English title: Investigation of Potential Agricultural Use of Wood Vinegar.
Related productsdergipark.org.tr
- 2022Peer-reviewed
Plant sources, techniques of production and uses of tar: A review (opens in a new tab)
Prepared as a systematic review (PRISMA), this paper brings together the trees and traditional methods used to make tar, its chemistry, its uses and its toxicity. According to the authors, tar can be produced from 18 tree families, notably the cypress, pine and birch families. Its main components are acids, phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons, and its toxicity is closely tied to this composition.
Related productsdoi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114889
- 2016Peer-reviewed
“Kara Hekim: Katran”ın Antalya Veteriner Hekimliği Folklorunda Hayvan Hastalıklarının Tedavisinde Kullanımı (opens in a new tab)
This veterinary history study records how the yellow tar made from cedar (Cedrus libani) in the Antalya region, known locally as “kara hekim” (the black doctor), has traditionally been used for livestock. The authors note its use against internal and external parasites, on various wounds and against Varroa in honeybees. Given the chemical composition of tar, they argue that these practices are a folk tradition with a rational basis. English title: Use of “Black Doctor: Tar” for the Treatment of Animal Diseases as Part of the Veterinary Medical Folklore of Antalya Province.
Related productsveteriner.fusabil.org
- 2014Peer-reviewed
Traditional Tar Production from the Anatolian Black Pine [Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe var. pallasiana] and its usages in Afyonkarahisar, Central Western Turkey (opens in a new tab)
Based on interviews with 26 people in three villages of Afyonkarahisar in summer 2012, this ethnobotanical study documents step by step how tar is traditionally made from Anatolian black pine. Besides folk medicine, local people use the tar to protect animals from internal and external parasites, to keep pests such as flies and ticks away and to stop roofs from leaking.
Related productsdoi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-10-29
- 2024Project
TÜBİTAK 1505 University-Industry Collaboration project
Our R&D project accepted under the TÜBİTAK 1505 University-Industry Collaboration Support Programme. Using wood vinegar obtained from pomegranate peel, olive pits and walnut shells, we are developing environmentally friendly organic phenolic surface cleaners and activated carbon products that reduce imports. The work is carried out together with Mersin University and the Ministry of Agriculture's General Directorate of Agricultural Research.
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